用定语从句造句
想要利用定语从句进行造句,那么应该如何造句更好呢?下面就和小编一起来看看吧。
一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.试分析:
Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.
MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.
Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.)注:
A.指人时有时只用who不宜用that。
1.先行词为one、ones或anyone
(1)ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.
(2)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
2.先行词为these时
ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.
3.在therebe开头的句子中
Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.
4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who,以免重复。
Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.
5.在非限制性定语从句中
A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan.
B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。
二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.试分析:
ethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.
esks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.
isthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)
eintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)
注:
A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时,只能用whom、which不能用who或that.
(1)irlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.
(2)ookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.
B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开,在定语从句中其介词不可前置,只能放在其动词之后。
Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?
Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.
Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing’sson.
C.指物时,下列情况下只能用that,不宜用which。
(1)先行词为不定代词,如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。
Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.
Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。
ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.
(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。
ThisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.
Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.
(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物),定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适,只能用that。
Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.
Therearesheepandmenthatcanbeseenonthehill.
(5)如果先行词被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame、any、few、little、no、all、oneof、just修饰时。
Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.
(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,关系代词只用that。
Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?
D.只物时,下列情况下只能用which,不宜用that。
(1)关系代词放在介词之后
Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.
(2)非限制性定语从句中
Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.
(3)that,Those作主语时
ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.
E.先行词前有such、thesame、as时,关系代词用as,不用that,但thesame…as…表示同样的,thesame…that…表示同一的
Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.
Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.
三.比较When/which、where/which、why.
whichIstillneverforget.
ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.
whichhespentreadingthebooks.
whereIfoundthebook.
whichmakesmachines.
Thisistheplacewhichweoncevisited.
whichIwillneverforget.
whichIamlookingfor.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
Allthestudentswhostudyhardhavepassed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了,不努力的没及格。)Allthestudents,whostudyhardhavepassed.所有的学生都及格了,他们学习努力。(没有人不及格,这些学生都很努力。)
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正确。)从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉,主句意思仍清楚,不受影响。)与主句关系密切,不用逗号与主句关系不十分密切,用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时,从句译在先行词前,与先行词用“的”连接译为汉语时,从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物)关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物)关系代词代替宾语时可以省略关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which
先研究下面两个例句:
○elephantislikeasnake,as/whicheverybodycansee.=Aseverybodycansee,thiselephantislikeasnake.任何人都看得出来,这头象像条蛇。
○idn’tpassthephysicsexam,物理考试不及格,这使得他父亲很生气。
这两个例句中,as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处:
1.在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面,也可位于主句的'前面;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面,不能位于主句的前面。
2.在意义上,as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系,常译为“正如……”,“就像……”,而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系,或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此,在意思通顺的情况下,which可代替as,而as许多时候不能代替which,如句○2。再如:
1.Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.正如我们所料,他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。
2.Thestreethasn’tbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.街道好多星期没有打扫了,因此整条街很脏。(不用as)
3.Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraceful.那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财,这是不光彩的。(不用as)
4.Hetakesexerciseeveryday,whichhasdonealotofgoodtohishealth.他每天运动,这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)
5.Ashasalreadybeenpointedout,Englishisratherdifficultforaforeigner.正如已经指出的那样,英语对于初学者说,是相当难学的。在such…as…、thesame…as…、as…、asmany…/muchas…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如:
booksasthisaretoodifficultforbeginners.这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。
=Bookssuchasthisare…
=Bookslikethisare…
einthesamebuildingashe(does).我和他住再同一座大楼里。
owsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.他认识所有到会的人。
dayweallgotupearlyasusual.那天我们和平时一样,都起得很早。
“Oneofthe+复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况
这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式,跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如:
1.Thatisoneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudyatschool.
2.Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulnovelsthathavebeenpublishedsince1990.
3.SheisoneofthefewpersonswhoknowSpanish.
4.Thisisoneofthemostfamousplaysthatwerewritteninthethirties,
如果oneof+复数名词这一结构前面带有theonly、thevery之类的限定语,后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式,这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如:
theonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool.(修饰theonlyone)
HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.(修饰theteachers)
istheonlyoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.(修饰theonlyone)
Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.(修饰rooms)
as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句,有时可以互换,但下列情况多用as。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。Asweallknow,theearthisround.
2.当与such或thesame连用时,一般用as。ethesameplanasyou.
3.当从句和主句语义一致时,用as,反之则用which。Shehasmarriedagain,asmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.
在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态,如beknown,besaid,bereported等,如从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般要用which作主语。
Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.
Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.